Instructional Design :: essays research papers

The ultimate goal of Instructional Design is to quickly and effectively teach people a new skill, or system of thinking. Elliot Masie, editor of TechLearn Trends, suggests all training is about behavioral stimulation that changes valet beings on some level. (Masie, 1998, p. 14) This is a tall order to change human beings, and therefore, any professional instructor that accepts this challenge must ask plenty of fundamental questions first. These essential questions atomic number 18 part of a process known as Needs Assessment. This critical front-end work is going to 1. Provide information about audience capabilities and preparedness.2. Establish that, indeed, there is a need for training. 3. Reveal information regarding the partnership culture.An instructor needs this information to choose tools for the program the more you know your audience, both customer and learners, the more successful the program will be. There are several need assessment models to follow, but I will use The Zemke-Kramlinger Model of the Major Human and Organizational Factors that Affect People Performance in an Organization. Their model asks hard questions in three different categoriesPerformer Skillsh What Abilitiesh What Skill Levelh Job Knowledgeh Objectiveh NeedsCompany corroborateh Objectiveh Expectationsh Rewardh Punishmenth Feedbackh SupportCorporate Cultureh Historyh Missionh Goalsh Strategyh Tacticsh PlansWithout this information, the designer is only guessing. at a time a designer is confident the needs assessment has provided a solid foundation to start building a program, different tools, or media, should be considered. The material body of tools ranges from simple (print) to high tech (satellite dish communication). The American Society for Training and Development has published a book that outlines an eight-step process for assisting in selection of the right(a) tools. The steps are as follows1. Understand all the training tools available with the benefits and drawba cks of their use.2. List the media delivery that WILL WORK FOR YOUR AUDIENCE AT THEIR CAPABILITY LEVEL.3. pronounce your media list with the goals of training, and level of audience in mind.4. Conduct a cost comparison.5. Synthesize findings and establish core media.6. Consider auxiliary media that would augment your core media. 7. cite any implementation issues, organizational requirements, or technical limitations which could prevent successful use of your core media.8. Prepare your conclusion in a formal handle for management. With all the preparation out of the way, just what tools are we talking about? Here is a list of possibilitiesManualsHandoutsVideo TapeOverheadsData BasesCD fixed storageInteractive Video ConferenceInternetComputer Base TrainingSatellite Distance LearningWith information on the objectives, learners, the company, budget, constraints etc.

William Faulkners Use of Shakespeare Essay -- William Faulkner

William Faulkners Use of ShakespeareThroughout his career William Faulkner acknowledged the influence of legion(predicate) writers upon his work--Twain, Dreiser, Anderson, Keats, Dickens, Conrad, Balzac, Bergson, and Cervantes, to name only a few--but the one writer that he consistently mentioned as a constant and continuing influence was William Shakespeare. Though Faulkners study as a fledgling writer in 1921 that he could write a play like Hamlet if he wanted to (FAB 330) may be dismissed as an act of youthful posturing, the statement serves to indicate that from the beginning Shakespeare was the standard by which Faulkner would judge his own creativity. In later years Faulkner frequently acknowledged Shakespeare as a major inspiration and influence, once noting, I have a one-volume Shakespeare that I have just about worn out carrying around with me (FIU 67). Faulkners recorded interviews and conversations contain references to a number of Shakespeares works and characters, i ncluding Hamlet, Macbeth, Henry IV, Henry V, A Midsummer Nights Dream, Romeo and Juliet, the sonnets, Falstaff, Prince Hal, Lady Macbeth, Bottom, Ophelia, and Mercutio. In 1947 he told an Ole Miss English break up that Shakespeares work provides a casebook on mankind, adding, if a man has a great deal of talent he can use Shakespeare as a yardstick (Webb and Green 134). In one of his last interviews shortly before his death in 1962, Faulkner said of all writers, We yearn to be as good as Shakespeare (LIG 276). The parallels in the lives and careers of the two writers are remarkably striking. Both were born in provincial small towns but found their eventual mastery in metropolitan cities, Shakespeare in London and Faulkner in New York and... ...n August Faulkners Structural Motifs. Masters thesis, Southeast Missouri State University, 1995.Greenblatt, Stephen, and others, eds. The Norton Shakespeare. New York W.W. Norton, 1997.Gwynn, Frederick L., and Joseph L. Blotner, eds. Fau lkner in the University Class Conferences at the University of Virginia, 1957-1958. Charlottesville University of Virginia Press, 1959. Cited as FIU.Meriwether, James B., ed. Essays, Speeches, and Public Letters by William Faulkner. New York Random House, 1965. Cited as ESPL.--------, and Michael Milgate, eds. Lion in the GardenInterviews with William Faulkner, 1926-1962. New York Random House, 1968. Cited as LIG.Rowse, A. L. William Shakespeare A Biography. New York Harper and Row, 1963.Webb, James W., and A. Wigfall Green, eds. William Faulkner of Oxford. Baton Rouge Louisiana State University Press, 1965.

The Struggle for Identity in A Doll’s House :: A Doll’s House

The Struggle for Identity in A Dolls House A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen, is a play that was written frontward of its time. In this play Ibsen tackles womens rights as a matter of importance. Throughout this time period it was neglected. A Dolls House was written during the movement of Naturalism, which commonly reflected society. Ibsen acknowledges the fact that in nineteenth century life the role of the char was to stay at home, raise the children and attend to her husband. Nora Helmer is the character in A Doll House who plays the 19th woman and is portrayed as a victim. Michael Meyers said of Henrik Ibsens plays The common denominator in many of Ibsens dramas is his interest in individuals struggling for and authoritative identity in the face of dogmatic social conventions. This conflict often results in his characters being divided between a sense of duty to themselves and their responsibility to others.(1563) All of the aspects of this quote cigaret be applied to the pla y A Doll House, in Nora Helmers character, who throughout much of the play is oppressed, presents an inauthentic identity to the audience and throughout the play attempts to discovery her authentic identity. The inferior role of Nora is extremely important to her character. Nora is oppressed by a variety of tyrannical social conventions. Ibsen in his A Dolls House depicts the role of women as subordinate in order to emphasize their role in society. Nora is oppressed by the manipulation from Torvald. Torvald has a very typical relationship with society. He is a smug bank manager. With his job arrive many responsibilities. He often treats his wife as if she is one of these responsibilities. Torvald is very authoritative and puts his appearance, both social and physical, ahead of his wife that he supposedly loves. Torvald is a man that is worried about his reputation, and cares little about his wifes feelings. Nora and Torvalds relationship, on the outside appears to be a happy. Nora is treated the like a child in this relationship, but as the play progresses she begins to realize how phony her marriage is. Torvald sees Noras only role as being the subservient and amiable wife. He refers to Nora as my little squirrel (p.1565), my little lark (p.1565), or spendthrift(1565). To him, she is only a possession. Torvald calls Nora by pet-names and speaks down to her because he thinks that she is not intelligent and that she can not think on her own.

Process Essay - How to Wash and Polish a Car -- essays research papers

Process Essay - How to Wash and Polish a CarYou should only rinse your car with 100% Cotton towels (white only) that are made in the U.S.A. Only these towels will not scratch or leave swirl marks on your paint. The knap in the cotton will absorb a fair amount of dirt and carry through it from coming in contact with your paint. When drying your car you should rehearse 100% Cotton towels (white only) that are made in the U.S.A. or the Absorber. The absorber is made from Surgical Silicone and will not leave swirl marks on your car. However, the Absorber will not absorb dirt or particles like the towels. Therefore, you have to pay special close attention not to pick up every dirt with it. You could drag the particles along and swirl/scratch your car up some. I use the absorber and have not had any problems so far. I rinse every painted surface on my car as well.What should I use to protect my cars paint finish?We use the Zaino Car Polish corpse on our car. Nothing else comes close t o matching Zainos unbeatable protection, shine and ease of use. Visit Zainos website and read over all of it.What should you do forrader you apply that start- rack up coat of Zaino?1. Wash your car (using the 100% White Made in the U.S.A. Cotton towels) with Dawn dish breaking liquid or equivalent. You want to force back rid of any wax, attack, dirt, grease or grim off your car. 2. Dont dry your car off That would be a waste of time in this case. 3. give birth a Clay Bar from (Pep Boys (must be blue if you buy it from Pep Boys) or Zaino Z-18 Clay Bar). Place about 1-2 cap fulls of your favorite car wash in a spray bottle and fill it up with water. Shake and spray until you get the soapy water coming out. This step is optional alone HIGHLY recommended get started on a small section of your car. Spray the carwash water mixture in the spray bottle on the car and describe the clay bar across your paint. What? Yeah, dont apply any pressure just pull it across. It should slide li ke a hockey puck on ice. Again, ass no pressure on the bar, let the bar do the work for you. 3a. Have a bug position? Just re clay until the stain comes off. You will need to knead your clay bar to keep the dirt and contaminants off the surface of the clay bar your are touching the car with. aforesaid(prenominal) goes for tar spots or over spray from the factory This stuff is great 4. Do this to your whole car. Take your time and make sure you keep the surface you ... ...ld do. You should let this dry to a haze before applying your next coat. Z1 usually dries by the time you finish putting it on your car. Grab some other cotton applicator and I recommend starting with a coat of Z5 next. The same goes for Z5, dab a little on the applicator (or paint) and go for it. Start in the same spot you started with Z1. Once you finish your car, simply let it dry. How long is long enough? When you can swipe your finger through the polish applying very little (almost no pressure) pressure to the paint and the polish comes clean off and shines, then it is dry. Usually takes between 15 minutes and 2 hours. This depends on the temp and how thin you spread it. The more practice you get the less time to dry. I would let it set for a good 2 hours before touching it if this is your first time.Once Z1 and Z5 have dried, simply take a White 100% Cotton towel that is Made in the U.S.A. and wipe off the polish. Remember to turn the towel frequently so it comes in contact with dry sides of the towel. If your polish is not dry and you attempt to take it off, dont worry. You are essentially just pushing the polish around on the car. Give it some more time and then try again.

Bloodchild: Oppression in Science Fiction Essay -- Butler Bloodchild E

Bloodchild Oppression in Science assemblyThroughout American literary history, nearly every form of literature has covered the topic of slavery and black oppression in America. From William Lloyd Garrisons abolitionist papers to Harriet Beecher Stowes controversial Uncle Toms Cabin to Alice Walkers The Color Purple, the exploration of the black position in America has been a theme that pore generations. In the past century, as science fiction has established its place in the literary genre, authors such as Octavia pantryman have become increasingly popular. In her short story Bloodchild, Butler extends the discussion of oppression in America into the science fiction genre. In this manner her story, like almost only science fiction, though it seems to concern itself with human beings and worlds of the far distance and future, it also concerns itself with the here and now (Asimov 110).Within the first few passages of Bloodchild, Butler establishes that the Tlic clan has ladened th e Terran clan in the past. Though this history of superiority and oppression exists between the two species, TGatoi, a Tlic, is still a friend of this Terran family. Only she TGatoi and her semipolitical faction stood between us and the hordes who did not understand why there was a Preserveordid not care (Butler 1036). Gan and his family are forced to have it away on a preserve, keeping the Tlic from entering in and enslaving his family further. Already, one can see the similarity to the United States of Americas relations with the African-American people. Butler substitutes the race issue with a difference of species, creating an obvious physical incongruity between the oppressed and oppressors. This physical difference was often r... ...d its treatment of those who differ physically from the majority of the population. Through science fiction, Butler has reached another section of the literary audience, and challenged them to open their minds and to change their world.Bibliogra phyPrimary SourceButler, Olivia. Bloodchild. The Prentice Hall Anthology of Science Fiction and Fantasy. Ed. Garyn G. Roberts. Upper Saddle River Prentice-Hall Inc., 2001.1035-1049.Secondary SourcesAsimov, Isaac. Science Fiction and Society. Asimov on Science Fiction. American Medical Association. 103-111Du Bois, W.E.B. The Souls of Black Fold. New York Fawcett World Library, 1903.Litwak, Leon. Trouble in Mind Black Southerners in the Age of Jim Crow. New York Knopf, 1998.Rundblad, Georganne and Peter Kivisto. Multiculturalism in the United States. Thousand Oaks Pine Forge Press, 2000.

Bloodchild: Oppression in Science Fiction Essay -- Butler Bloodchild E

Bloodchild Oppression in Science fictionalisationThroughout American literary history, nearly every form of literature has covered the topic of slavery and black oppression in America. From William Lloyd Garrisons abolitionist papers to Harriet Beecher Stowes controversial Uncle Toms Cabin to Alice Walkers The Color Purple, the exploration of the black position in America has been a theme that imprisoned generations. In the past century, as science fiction has established its place in the literary genre, authors such as Octavia butler have become more and more popular. In her short story Bloodchild, Butler extends the discussion of oppression in America into the science fiction genre. In this manner her story, like almost entirely science fiction, though it seems to concern itself with human beings and worlds of the far distance and future, it also concerns itself with the here and now (Asimov 110).Within the first few passages of Bloodchild, Butler establishes that the Tlic clan has loaded the Terran clan in the past. Though this history of superiority and oppression exists between the two species, TGatoi, a Tlic, is still a friend of this Terran family. Only she TGatoi and her semipolitical faction stood between us and the hordes who did not understand why there was a Preserveordid not care (Butler 1036). Gan and his family are forced to represent on a preserve, keeping the Tlic from entering in and enslaving his family further. Already, one can see the similarity to the United States of Americas relations with the African-American people. Butler substitutes the race issue with a difference of species, creating an obvious physical incongruity between the oppressed and oppressors. This physical difference was often r... ...d its treatment of those who differ physically from the majority of the population. Through science fiction, Butler has reached another section of the literary audience, and challenged them to open their minds and to change their wor ld.BibliographyPrimary SourceButler, Olivia. Bloodchild. The Prentice Hall Anthology of Science Fiction and Fantasy. Ed. Garyn G. Roberts. Upper Saddle River Prentice-Hall Inc., 2001.1035-1049.Secondary SourcesAsimov, Isaac. Science Fiction and Society. Asimov on Science Fiction. American Medical Association. 103-111Du Bois, W.E.B. The Souls of Black Fold. New York Fawcett World Library, 1903.Litwak, Leon. Trouble in Mind Black Southerners in the Age of Jim Crow. New York Knopf, 1998.Rundblad, Georganne and Peter Kivisto. Multiculturalism in the United States. Thousand Oaks Pine Forge Press, 2000.

The Need for Performance Appraisal in the Uae Transport and Travel Industry

Student Name Instructors Name Title pur coiffe The Need for Performance Appraisal in the UAE Transport and Travel Industry Course Institution Table of Contents An evaluation of achievement appraisal in UAE travel department3 Introduction3 Statement of the problem3 explore Objectives and Aims3 Background and Significance4 Significance of the Study4 LITERATURE REVIEW5 How has the UAE glamour pains failed in embrace performance appraisal? 5 Emirisation policy (Nationalism)5 Employee pursue grade and prohibition of workers tribunal6 National Culture and traditions7Organization Culture8 Research methods and design9 Research design9 Research deliverables/potential values/expected outcomes10 Limitations of the research10 Ethical Implications10 Bibliography12 The need for performance appraisal in the UAE transport and travel industry An evaluation of performance appraisal in UAE travel department Introduction Human mental imagery focusing is the main decisive of employee performanc e in any organic law (Wright et. al 2003). For effective guidance of employees, performance appraisal and management is a searing aspect in the compassionate resource department.With the increasing competition, the advancement of technology and the current global economic decline, government departments and organizations ar changing their employee practices to save resources and at the same time adjoin productiveness (Armstrong 2009). They are working towards improving employee productivity. Resources in organizations are currently moving from capital and asset holding to skills employees possess, their brand and intellectual capability. Thus, the research pull up stakes aim at critically examining how performance appraisal result improve employee productivity and reduce disputes in the UAE transport travel industry.Statement of the problem Increased myopic performance and low employee productivity in the government sectors is affecting the general economy of the unite A rab Emirates governments. Increased employee within the transport industry calls for a critical evaluation and implementation of performance appraisal. Research Objectives and Aims The research will basically base on ways of improving UAE employees productivity through performance appraisal. It restricts its mountain range to government sector and issues affecting employees within their departments and in the general organization.The research will also involve the government sector in the UAE. Specific Objectives ? To localise what is causing reduced productivity among employees ? To identify areas of weakness within the government organization ? To identify specific appraisal measures that the organizations are lacking ? To suggest grab measures of realizing improved performance Background and Significance The unite Arab Emirates is a federal association comprising of seven dissentent countries in the Southeast of the Arabian Pensula. The Emirates has conserved customs, laws an d transmission line practices governed by the Islamic beliefs.It is known for well developed infrastructure and its transport and travel industry that extends to international levels and serves a wide range of nationals. This is because it adopts technologies of other unlike states and is improves its transport industry by expanding it internationally (Alrawi & Sabry, 2009. However, currently, employee disputes and strikes experienced in most of the emirate countries is rampant. This is common in the biggest and most famous Emirates such a Dubai and Sharjah. Significance of the StudyThe poll will look at employee productivity as a factor of performance appraisal in the UAE government departments with emphasis on the travel and transport industry of the UAE. The study will open significance both theoretically and practically. It improves the understanding of how performance appraisal of employees will increase their productivity and improve dealings among employees and with thei r seniors in the UAE. It will also enable the government department to know which strategies they should put in place in order to attain employee job satisfaction, perpetration and increased retention rates.The problem of employee productivity is an area of limited research. The study will develop a theoretical framework for employee performance appraisal and productivity in simile to UAE policies. LITERATURE REVIEW Employee performance and levels of productivity determines profits of any firm. harmonize to Heathfield (2008), organizations are aiming at seeking advantages, and for this reason she alleges, evaluation of workers performance is becoming the immediate area of tar part. She says that the management of employee performance is of advantage for both the employee and the employer.She further states that, however the approach to the concept of performance appraisal may differ from one organization to another, the concept and its meaning still focuses on human capital as th e most important asset in the organization. How the UAE transport industry has failed in embrace performance appraisal Emirisation policy (Nationalism) Emirisation policy aims at developing more workforce among the nationals of UAE through education systems, training and career phylogeny so as to reduce the number of non-nationals in the countries and encourage traffic of the nationals (Rees Et. l, 2007). This in turn may affect performance of the non-national employees and may lead to foul judgment of employee performance by the managers. Many organizations are embracing the policies, and in turn changing the managerial approaches of the firms (Mansour, 2008). Human resource practices such as recruiting procedures (Randeree, 2009) and employment strategies are modify as a result of the emirisation policy. For example the banking sector where employment of the nationals increased to 30% from 28% in the year 2005. Employee wage rates and prohibition of workers tribunalLow wage ra tes and poor working conditions as a result of prohibit trade unions in the UAE, is a matter of concern and reservation headlines (Francis, 2008 ). This however involves discrimination of non-national workers from india, Plilistienes and Pakistan. The result of ignoring the human resopurse factor leads to disputes, strikes low employee production and damages the image of the organization. She states that the government intervenes to have more control on the employees however, sensational workers who are fighting for their rights is uncouth.Performance appraisal aims at looking into the affairs of workers which also involves changing policies as the economy also improves. Francis (2008) further states that employee strike also resulted from policies realized in the past twain decades that organizations were still using in determining the rates of payment entitled to workers. He says that in Dubai, striking was illegal and and so, for workers to lock in it, having in mind the con sequences, it means that they are responding to the industrial working conditions that would result to utter poverty.The government in this case denies the workers certain rights and worsens it by detaining the demonstrators when they have no tribunals that they could rather have gone to and negotiated with the government. Dubai is known for its advanced air services, transport and tourism. However, labour issues as a result of employee wage rates are also a rising issue of concern. Shaibany (2011) writes an article on employee strike as a result of less pay. In is report he says that two hundred employees of Oman air went on strike following their demand for increase in pay. This is just after another incident in the labor union of jobs and wages.He say says that however, the flight staff did not strike, that the ground staff. Although this had no effect on flights for that day, the issue of employee performance is still an issue of concern. The issue of remuneration is also affec ted by gender inequality. In both(prenominal) cases in the UAE, female employees have been legally considered to earn less income than their male counterparts irrespective of their abilities and commitment (Tanmia, 2005). This has a discipline effect to their performance. National Culture and traditions Arab traditions do not for provide elections in the political system of the UAE.The culture is based on previous generations, National and regional culture, gender and social organizational cultures that in turn have an effect on work values (Abubakr, 2006). Regional influence is more diverse than the rest. Religion, delivery and historical factors affect organization retention and employee satisfactions which are among the goals that performance appraisal aim at. Pawan et al. (2006) argue that the economic and political importance in the middle eastern are the areas of interests and therefore, this over shadows the development of human resource management literature.This, he say s, affects performance in the business sectors which largely contribute to the general economy. That poor economic growth as a result of assuming the human resource capital of the organization is affecting the standard of living of people in the region. Goel (2008) explains how a performance appraisal interview puts the employee in a better position to kick the bucket their views and opinions, to identify their weaknesses and knows areas which require improvement and adjustments. He states that this improves communication within the organization and motivates workers to improve themselves.Goel notes that different organizations conduct the appraisal exercise at different times, others yearly or twice a year. However, he suggests that unscheduled and informal exercises are better and more useful. The United Arab Emirates is experiencing a commendable growth in the economic sector and is embracing technology from foreigners at a high rate. According to (OECD 2010), the government aim s at capacity building. The government is now moving form the traditional system of personnel management that has less professionalism and is routine oriented to a human resource management system which focuses on performance.OECD states that human resource management focuses more on employees as recourse to the organization and not a tool. This therefore means that, their performance is a priority to the organization as well as their well being, which the organization ensures by providing them with favorable working conditions eyepatch balancing its advantage. Organization Culture Recognition is one of the factors that ensures employee satisfaction and enables them to stay in a given job for a longer period (Buckingham & Coffman, 1999).Many organizations in the United Arab Emirates transport industry, especially in Dubai and Sharjah, perceive manager as the best and expect employees to simply follow instructions and work. Practices within organizations in relation to economic poli cies and strategies are also an issue. Beer and Ruh in Vroom (1990) managing people state the use of Management by Objective (MBO) system as an important in instilling accountability on the part of workers other than just improving their personal qualities.Beer and Ruh further explain that many managers and top executives dislike judging their subordinates on how they work as a way of ensuring that everyone is working towards the goals of the organization. However, he says, this is the most Important role of the managers within the organization to ensure that all efforts are order towards achieving a common goal of the organization. Some managers fear giving negative results o employee analyses when they need to so as to enable the employee improve on the areas of weaknesses. Likely, some are ignorant of employee reactions and interpersonal situations as they focus on results alone.Such managers, he says, do not care about the employee and at times will communicate the results in a manner to frustrate them, which is not ethical. Research methods and design The research will use secondary data from available literature that is books and profit sources. The research will also use survey methods in collection of data by use of survey questionnaires to employees and employers at different job posts. Semi-structured interviews will also be involved. The research will include qualitative technique to gather analysis and concepts and quantitative technique to gather numerical data (Punch 2005) Research designThe purpose of the research is to investigate the need for performance appraisal in the transport and travel industry in Dubai. The study will based on employees and employers responses regarding the objective of the need for performance appraisal in the industry. The researcher will adopt an exploratory study design. An explanatory approach will also be used in explaining the relationship between variables. Research deliverables/potential values/expected outcom es The research will provide managerial development for managing human resource that will enable organizations in the transport industry to increase employee productivity.This is of value to both employers and the workers. The research expects that the outcome will give relevant areas of weakness that management require applying employee performance appraisal and effectiveness of this procedure to the general organization. Limitations of the research Dubai is an Arab speaking country which only embraced English for business and commerce purposes. The researcher therefore is likely to face the problem of language barrier among the nationals. Not all nationals are used to English and if so, not fluent English. This will be a limiting factor in the case of interviews.Being a Muslim country, religious barriers are likely. Cultures like restricted closeness with respondents of the opposite sex and way of cover as restricted by the respondents religion might be a limitation during the r esearch. Collection of discipline from respondents of a different gender will pose a challenge to the researcher. Nationality and race of the researcher might be a possible limitation in the research. Respondents may fear to respond to questions or get close to the researcher because of racial barrier and different nationality. Organization policy in the foreign country will limit research and collection of information.Organization management might refuse to cooperate by restricting employees from participating in the data collection. Ethical Implications The research will observe quality in information and findings, encouraging no faulty or defrauding information from the participants of the research. It will also ensure safety of the participants is taken into consideration with equal assurance to them of confidentiality and non disclosure of their information details. The researcher will present confidential forms to this effect which he will sign and the respondent will sign to o.Quality of information will be ensured by collecting information from direct victims of performance appraisal (employees). Bibliography Abubakr, M. (2006). Managing human resource in the Middle East Human resource management in the United Arab Emirates. London Taylor & Francis Ltd. Alrawi, K. , & Sabry, K. (2009). E-commerce evolution A Gulf region review. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 4(5), 509 526 Armstrong, M. (2009). Armstrongs handbook of human resource management practices (11th ed. ). London Kogan scallywag Limited. Buckingham, M. , Coffman, C. (1999).First, break all the rules What the worlds greatest managers do differently. New York Simon Shuster. Francis. V, (2008). Dubai Labor Fighting Back Vs. Indentured Globalization. Retrieved on November 5, 2012 from GOEL, D. (2008). Performance appraisal and honorarium management. New Dehli, Prentice-Hall of India. Heathfield, S. M, (2008). Why organizations employ performance evaluation. Retrieved on November 5, 2012 from Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. (2010). Progress in public management in the Middle East and North Africa case studies on policy reform. Paris, OECD Pawan S. B, Mellahi,K. (2006).Managing Human Resources in the Middle East. Routledge Punch, F. (2005). Introduction to social research Quantitative and qualitative approaches. London Saga Publications Randeree, K. (2009). Strategy, policy and practice in the nationalisation of human capital Project Emiratisation. Research Practice in Human Resource Management 17(1), 71-79. Rees, C. , Mamman, A. , Bin Braik, A. (2007). Emiratization asa strategic HRM change initiative example study evidence from a UAE petroleum company. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(1), 33-53. Shaibany, S. (2011). Oman Air employees strike for higher wages.Tanmia, 2004. Emiratisation in the Banking Sector Factors Influencing Success and stroke The National Human Resource Development and Employmen t Authority Centre for Labour Market Research and Information. Human Resource development and employment Authority. Dubai United Arab. Emirates Vroom, V. H (1990). Manage people, not personnel motivation and performance appraisal. Boston, MA, HBS Press. Wright, P. , Kehoe, R. (2008). Human resource practices and organizational commitment A deeper examination. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 46(1), 6-20. Appendices adjunct 1 Timeline and work plan Task Duration Review of literature 1day Investigations of surveys done 1day Preparation of questionnaires 1day Actual survey 2weeks Data analysis 4days Report penning and compilation 1 week Appendix 2 Budget Expected task Expected cost ($) Information from the library 170 Testing of questionnaires cl Actual survey 300 Miscellaneous costs 150 Total 770

Impacts of Immigrants in Belize

Immigrants be generally understood to be persons who leave their country to settle in other counter usually for permanent re situationnce. These people ar sometimes referred to as aliens these are persons who do not owe allegiance to their country. Allegiance is a clay of fidelity said to be shown by the partially of a citizen to his/her state. In contrast if the immigrant does not owe allegiance to his/her country and that person violate rules, laws, policies or customs of a foreign country then this person is known as an illegal alien.The role of immigrants has for a long time created significant interest group among policy makers. Issues concerning the amount of immigrants allowed to enter a country nourish risen. The mostly known nation of immigration is the U. S. but as Belizeans leave in look for a decent living in the U. S. , many other Central American immigrants enter Belize. many an(prenominal) people migrate for many reasons for example to tie family members who soak up migrated in former(prenominal) years, to search for frugal opportunities, to escape maltreatment or sometimes for the simple reason that they want a fresh start.Immigrants/immigration, get to been a controversy within Belizean societies over the past years where economic harvest-feast created by some of these immigrant populations, is linked to the growing aspect of crime, invasion as opposed to population stabilization and Native employment to self employment. Do immigrants take away the jobs of Belizeans? Many times when natives are asked for reasons for their unemployment, they respond by state that people that are entering the country have been taking their jobs. This view of immigrants has increased be ingest of the success in the economic sector.When immigrants enter the country, they come entrepreneurially meaning the wishing the experience to be employed. This means that the do not possess the expertise to own a business to employ people. Therefore they self e mploy themselves. Producing low-pitched(a) amounts of goods for their daily survival. Belize is known to be a third world country, therefore this small country is growing economically. Belize is a small country with a small population therefore we are impacted in some way or the other with immigrants. The term immigrants mean foreigners feeler from outside countries to reside in our society.We really do not know who they are and what their intentions are to live in Belize. That is why it is important to learn why they decide to live in our country other than theirs. Such in the case of the Mennonites for example, where they aid Belize in the agriculture field they produce many or most of Belizes ve acquireables. over the past years they have extended their efforts to export goods to foreign countries and with agreement with the government, some of the income generated stay for the government of Belize. Therefore these Mennonites have become an integral part of our society.If the Mennonites were not around, where would all the chickens come from that are consumed today and the agricultural goods such as corn, ve redeemables, eggs, compost, etc. They have taken and wisely created a link amidst their farming and sustainably using their land. Their expertise is second to none here in Belize, so we are very thankful for them. According to Roessingh the Mennonites have made a very positive contribution to Belize, mainly in the agricultural field and are responsible for a large portion of the products available in Belize.They have what is called a Calvinistic work ethic which says that hard work and frugality is the key to success and leading a good life (110). Furthermore other group of peole that are vital to societies throughout Belize is the Asian community. These people have successfully opened grocery stores, supermarkets and restaurants in every urban area of Belize, and as yet in some rural ones. Their propensity for obtaining goods at lower prices me ans that a lot of items that are considered necessities are affordable. On top of that their conveniently set(p) stores make them essential for the many little small purchases that are conducted daily.Their fast-food restaurants are essential to many Belizean in the way that many people have to get to work early in the morning so these restaurants is the easiest and most common way to access daily meals. Some of the more affordable fast-foods today provided by the Chinese is their fried-chicken and chow-mien and burgers to give ear a few. For a relatively small sum, one can purchase a full meal that can feed the intact family. Many perceptions of these immigrants have been coming to light over the past years. Perceptions such analogous people saying that these Asians for example, are making the most money.Some afraid(predicate) individuals or groups in Belize constantly rail against, or in some cases, commit violence against these ethnic groups, particularly those who are domina nt in the economic sectors, or those who seem to be taking all the positions of gainful employment point in case, the recent murders of cardinal female Chinese merchants (Channel 5 Belize). This caused these communities to nigh(a) their shops for a unscathed day in respect for their lost one. What did this lead to? In Belmopan for example, most of the supermarkets and stores belong to Asian communities and there was a difficulty in getting goods purchasing merchandise.What would happen if these people close down their stores? So these Belizeans commit crime against these people without knowing the fact that we cannot survive without these populations of immigrants. According to Belize give notice (of) volume 5, number 1. Feb. 1999, each immigrant must have a work permit for them to get a job. Why? It is because in the past when they came into Belize they were able to get a job in almost any filed of work. Also, it has created poverty. It is common sense that without a job there is no source of income maintained in a household.This causes a stress on the man in the house because he will not know how to bring food to his families. On the other hand, others who have a job may not have the sufficient income to pay off debts. Immigrants are also satisfied with low income employment. They really do not care about what type of jobs they have or how much they are paid. Once they have a job, they feel good. Does this affect Belizeans on a whole? Many may say that they are taking the jobs of Belizeans but I the income generated by a job is low, why pay a high rates.Many Belizeans are uneducated unaware and uninformed and they will always want to receive more in anything they do. This phenomenon has been going on for years and because of their selfishness they always esteem that immigrants are taking their jobs . (Jobs Immigration Policy Issues May 2010. March 2011. ). Searching for jobs is one of the aspects of immigration but is there always benefit with people co ming in our country? It has been proven that some immigrants bring along some form of crime. From where do you think most gangs originated in the country of Belize?There are gangs under the name of Bloods, Crips, Mara Salvatrucha, and so forth. All these gangs have been heard of in our daily news cast. This type of immigration does affect in a way that harms our Belizean people. A perfect example is Ontario Village at mile 55 on the Western Highway has been known in the recent past for outbreaks in gang activity. One of those incidents caused Justin Jones to relocate in order to avoid further trouble with fellow village youths (Two Murders Before The New twelvemonth The Belize Times 9 Jan. 2011 Print. ). Our green people are now joining these gangs and participate in more serious acts.How will our country prosper if our young people continue behaving this way? This is not good at all. We need to do something for this to change. Crime has also decreased tourism many tourists who com e for vacations are murdered in our country (Crime Travel Report Belize 24 Feb. 2011. 28 Mar. 2011. http//www. voyage. gc. ca/countries_pays/report_rapport-eng. asp? id=29000). We for example would be afraid to be travel in the streets and know that we can be robbed or killed by such criminals. Many of these immigrants are involved in crimes such as machete fights, robberies, to name a few and these are increasing as days go by.Many Belizeans that have been a suspect to these persons have received serious injuries such as gunshot wounds and stab wounds. Today the main immigrants who are involved in crimes, include these Guatemalans that enter our country to extract goods from Belizes forest. Armed robberies at archaeological sites, protected areas and frequented areas by visitors have been of concern over several years now. According to the Travel State. Gov, On February10, 2009, four American and two Canadian tourists accompanied by two Belizean tour guides were the victims of a robbery outside Rio Frio Cave in the Mountain Pine Ridge area.On September 15, 2009, two tourists at the Blue Hole National Park were robbed by two men wearing masks and carrying knives. In 1987, businesses that hired immigrant workers were penalized because it was discovered that majority of the immigrants were involved in a lot of crime. During that time, most of the crime was focused on the northern part of Belize (Belize Crime 4Nov. 2010. The Library of Congress Country Studies and the CIA World Fact phonograph recording 28 Mar. 2011. ). These crime incidents that occur against people mostly occur with illegals. They are still referred to as immigrants but they are now illegal aliens.These are the ones that cause the perception that all immigrants a detrimental to our country. Belizeans views it only in one way without thinking the benefit they get. This causes some conflict where they now feel like immigrant are invading the country. This now leads to Belizeans leaving the cou ntry. Does it negatively or positively affect the country? As people migrate into Belize, people move out. We in turn become immigrants in other countries. This has shown that in some form, as Belizeans go out of the country, people migrate in this stabilizes the population of the country.Population growth is an underlying cause that affects every single country around the world. According to the Expat World book, Belize is under populated. This means that if there were not people who migrated day by day, there would be a dramatic rate of under population according to the holding capacity of the country. So immigration has helped stabilize the trend and a steady increase other than a dramatic increase of population has occurred. After investigating the risks of emigrating and safety of migrating, it is concluded that it doesnt matter at which side of the door Belizeans are, the dangers are unavoidable.Whether people choose to jut out in giving immigrants space and encouraging them to becoming active parts in Belizean society or if they think that immigrants must be eliminated from the country, the negative impacts will be the same. It is a phenomenon that will be in note for ever and cannot be barricadeped. It is not we support in opening borders in any country, it is just that no matter what the circumstances is immigration will occur and there is nothing to do to stop it. No matter how bias Belizeans are.However, in the same aspect that Belizeans migrate to other countries and others come in to Belize these people deserve to live without fear, raise their children in a safe environment and be accepted as citizen the same way we Belizeans want to be treated abroad. The fountainhead that is asked is, do these immigrants harm Belizean societies? in turn deserves to be answered. On one point of view, immigrants do pose some kind of threat in some societies. For example threats to security and place the future at risk. But, this can happen if we natives perm it it.On the other hand, immigrants fill job spaces that many in Belize dont want to take. In turn they work for lesser income than other Belizeans, later on adopt and adapt themselves to customs of Belize. Yes it is believed that immigrants cause harm to Belize in some ways, but the question to be asked instead of the oldly mentioned is, do the negative impacts outweigh the positive impacts that immigrants presence bring to Belize? With supporting evidence mention in previous sections, it is concluded that yes immigrants cause some harm in some sectors but they bring better than harm.

Customer Service Standards Essay

Explain how guest military service standards be planned, implemented and monitored, and the impact this has on the operation of a selected business.In this task I pull up stakes explain why customer service demand to be planned, how this is monitored and what impact it has for the whole system. The present customers of the organisation ar in reality important for the organisation and bon ton has to do a step forward to conciliate them satisfy and to keep them. If a company has no customers there are no profits for the business. keeping existing customers is important as finding new ones is time consuming and costly.Planning customer service standardsIf companies plan their customer service they are more plausibly to exist in a business environment. Companies which put up planned customer service for both external and internal customers are more standardisedly to be succeeding than others.Setting aims, outlining measurable benchmarksCompanies must have standards which are measured and it the target areas are not achieved action will be taken.Setting aimsAims are main announcements of what the business insufficiencys to achieve. Objectives are targets which are measured to hitch if they are achieved. Aims and objectives are really important for the business as without them there is no subject matter to business. Aim and objectives give meaning to successive activities of planning, take uping, laging, organising and controlling. Methods of denounceting aims for customer service are wide. It depends on company and what good or service they provide. Some of the businesses have different aims, like providing employment for the owner increasing sales and harvestion or taking over businesses.Except aims, like devising profits, providing goods and services, businesses have to res publica objectives by which they keister get their aims. In fashion model, if a business settled an aim to make a profit, they have to think how to achieve this the y need to set targets to know how much they want to spend and how much they want to receive. These targets should be specific as to what must be achieved measurable to measure their success and germane(predicate) to business aim.A mission statement is a statement which determines a company or organisation. The mission statement must advise any of the organisations action. It influences overall success and run decision-making.In the Barclays bank, their aim is to be no. 1 bank in the England. They want to be the best prime(a) for the customers by what they can make more profits and eliminate other banks. The Barclays objective is to provide first class customer service and offer mart landing products. To achieve what they want, they use lots of trainings which can improve their skills in area where they need to be improved. This bank mission statement is related with their aims and objectives To be innovative, customer focuse group that delivers superb products and service ensures excellent careers for all flock and contributes positively to the communities in which we live and work.All of these focused and linked make the bank successful by what they have more customers and more profits. However, step by step they are better.Outlining measurable benchmarksBenchmarks purpose is to set minimum direct of service, quality and quantity customer service system must reach in order to meet their objectives. Benchmarks need to be realistic, understandable and measurable. Benchmarking is the process of canvas ones business processes and mathematical process metrics to industry best practices from other industries.The Barclays can benchmark against another businesses by hiring the best qualified people on positions. They can make the best training for them to improve their skills, do run intos where they can talk about any issues and where they can resolve all of the problems. pick out easy accessible entrances and dimensioned halls. Taking phone calls faster, a nd making good first impression by wearing clean and suit clothes. They can be brotherly to all customers and greet them when they walking into the bank, listen to customers when they talking make sure that customer understood what was said to him. The rung of the bank should know all of the health and safety procedures and keep everything clean.Designing qualitative and quantitative motion indicatorsPerformance indicators are postulate to control achievements and to know how business and its service can be improved.Qualitative procedure indicators are non numerical, like judgements and opinions it includes management relationships customer satisfaction like monitoring customer feedback programme employee morale like level of round turnover quality and taste of product and customer loyalty levels of staff absenteeism like staffs that are unhappy or stressed.Quantitative performance indicators are numeric indicators it includes sales and profit levels to check if they ra ised or dropped speed of service in what time customer received what they ordered customer retention piece of complains about staff/service/products percentage of orders resulting from visits to customers by salespeople and responses to marketing material sent out. Public services, like ambulances or police overly set performance indicators, as in need they have to arrive in max 8 minutes.Qualitative indicators in the Barclays bank are made by ascendancy shopper, who comes once in a month. He is checking performance of all of the employees and afterwards he is doing a report of what he saw. Mystery shopper comes to the offshoot and he looks and behaves like a normal customer. He pretends that he buys a product provided by a bank and check how employee who serve him is dealing with this. separate methods of checking qualitative indicator are feedbacks from customers and temporary employees. Also, complains sometimes are taken from customers and can be done by a website or can b e done verbally to the staff of the bank where after they go to the logarithm system.Quantitative indicators are measured by number of appointments of cashiers and private bankers. They are measured on solutions wedded by cashiers and private bankers also it is measured in customers service served. Number of complains are counted, products sold to the customers are counted and after it is compared with this amount from previous month to check if there is any improvement.Implementing and monitoring customer care standardsA company who want be successful, have to not just set good customer care standards but also monitor it afterwards.Providing staff training on raising customer service standardsLots of businesses now, in which customer service in involved are making at least one day of customer service training on the induction. New staff must be present in training at a head of the organisation or in regional office of the organisation where they will be thoughtless customer servi ce in a topical anaesthetic level. These training usually involve presenting how to deal with different situations, to learn it there are usually used role plays with different scenarios to know how to deal with problems, complains and different types of customers. When a potential employee finishes his induction, the training still continues in place of work and done with a local staff to make sure that customer service standards are keeping up.In the Barclays bank, all of the staff has an induction which involves whole training program in a training centre which is placed in Manchester and afterwards it is continued in a branch. This induction process takes minimum 6 to 8 weeks. In the first day of the work, new employee has to go through security procedures, do other trainings like health and safety and get to know other employees. Other trainings which are necessary are people plus which is about customer service and trainings like computer skills and accountant trainings need to be taken.There is no mentor, but all of the employees are monitored by the managers, but besides this, everyone helps. Other courses which are vital to work in the bank are complains, money, fraud safeguard and fire procedures. Departmental trainings take place, lots of the trainings are done individually on the computer but there are regular courses to attend. External trainings also are present they are taken in the Manchester in head of branch, where employees improve their skills knowledge about fire procedures are also improved.Meeting performance indicatorsThe businesses monitor the performance indicators which were set to check whether target was met or not, this is also needed to check why the target was not meet and take direct action to improve it. For example, to find out what is wrong, they can set questions like, is a product provided in good quality? Is timing on serving product appropriate, etc.The Barclays bank targets are settled daily for cashiers and monthly f or private bankers, also it depends on position what targets do a person has. For example, cashiers daily target is to make three lending appointments, five lending cards, three basic appointments, three walk overs, approach all ABC, credits and mark accordingly. surreptitious bankers target are deal with six loans, two insurances, six Barclays cards, and one hundred fifty solutions, six upgrades of an account and for new paid accounts. In measuring qualitative indicators is mastery shopper and for quantitative appointments, solutions, and number of products sold are measured and counted.I do not think that any improvements are needed in work what they do, as when I worked there for a week all the time targets were met.Measuring and monitoring performanceThere is wide aim of ship canal how performance can be measured, like sales level conducting surveys of customers postage-paid questionnaires/comment cards/forms make special facilities where customer can give an feedback, for exa mple on the website Contact us buttons occasional telephone calls to customers personal or telephone interviews complains about staff/products/services email customers, for example with surveys etc. customer service performance is monitored all the time, to know that customers get what they want and when they want it. This monitoring also has many ways, such as inspection by uncharted company staff to witness customer service at first hand regular staff meeting mystery shoppers monitoring telephone conversations staff appraisals.Performance in the Barclays bank is measured and monitored by making overall report of previous day and showing it in the next day morn meeting. Also, on this meetings there are given sheets to complete out in which employees are able to put feedback of other employees and any other performances. Other ways are contact by a website, mystery shoppers and feedbacks on sheets from temporary employees.Reviewing performance and taking actionBusinesses always wa nt to know which customers are conform to with service provided and which are not. If they know it, they can make steps to improve themselves if a customer is unhappy. Staffs know when they are praised. Suggestions for improvements are deliberated and putted into practice when necessary. Ways how performance is reviewed can be done by making action plan to improve areas which are criticised, investigating negative feedback, making changes in procedures, let customer know of any action taken by putting these entropy on the website, making regular meetings where performance can be discussed, etc.In the Barclays bank action is taken in complains. Firstly, one of the staff try to calm down a customer, try resolve problem by himself, if he is not able, he apologised for it and call a manager to speak with complaining customer. Manager tries do it by himself if he is not able, information is putted on the log system and on the next meeting everyone try to resolve it, if this do not wor k, it is sent to head of branch when they will consider any changes on which a person is complaining.Procedures for handling customer complainsAll of the businesses need to deal with complains. Most of businesses have special procedures how to deal with them with points to follow. When customers problem is pertinacious it is more likely that he will return. Complains are good way of getting rid of competitors, as when a company handle it successfully, company makes a step forward in customer service. Complains should be handled quickly and sympathy.In the Barclays bank complains are posted into the log system and afterwards if cannot be headstrong in a branch, complains are sent out to branch office.Customer information and helplinesThere are many methods of informing customers, like putting information on the website, notices on displays, making and giving out leaflets and information sheets, frequently asked questions on the website, newsletters, and customer service advice help lines.In the Barclays bank, information is provided by leaflets, on the website, helpline, newsletters, posters, adverts and notices. The Barclays is a huge brand which is recognisable in whole country, so they use wide range methods of providing information and for marketing. Everything is easy to find in a branch as there are signs and staff is wearing identification cards where is also placed on what position they work.Impact on resourcesAll of the companies want their employees to have the best customer service also they want any issue easy to be resolved.If in some cases poor customer service was identified, like poor knowledge of product provided then more training is needed. It will need additional costs to arrange training and to transport staff in the place where training is provided, also, another cost is to replace the divisions of staff for the time when they are on training.Other costly thing is investigating complains, as it is time and consuming. Some of the staff me mbers must be involved in resolving problem and records of it need to be completed. When a customer complains about member of a staff, the staff member can get a verbal warning, if it is first time, if not warning can be written or can be dismissal.Improving communication is also costly, telephones, internet, computers are costly but vey useful. Besides these methods are costly for the first time, a person who has a meeting abroad can do a conference by the computer, not traveling, what saves time.The last one costly thing is improvement in physical mental synthesis of the building, for example, making things more accessible for disabled people, making lifts, automatic doors, etc.In the Barclays bank in recruiting new staff, the potential employees need to show that they are confident, punctual and have outstanding potentials. Involving new staff involves assessments which are afterwards scored. Firstly, when somebody is interesting in a position in Barclays bank, he needs to apply online, when his application form is successful he needs to get through telephone assessment, when he pass it, he is invited to the branch for an interview.Training is really costly and time consuming, but this is worth it, as people there are working for the long time and they are picked from lots of the applicants, as they are the best for these positions for which they applied. Costs involved in revamping are training cost, uniform cost, and staff time. In the Barclays, they do not really take part of making new layout of the bank.

OPEC CARTEL Essay

OPECAs aCARTEL in that location are two graciouss of essential mart building and they are perfect competition and imperfect competition. In a perfectly competitive market at that place are umpteen numbers of sellers and umpteen numbers of buyers selling and buying homogeneous harvest-times, thitherfore there is very lesser impact of a single buyer or seller changing the m angiotensin converting enzymetary value of his/her product. In an imperfect competitive market there are some sellers and these sellers contribute some control over the prices and issueput of the product. Here, in this kind of market the altogether market is affected by an individual changing his/her product price. In USA most of the industries fall between these two extreme market structures. exclusively in this es enjoin well talk about oligopoly. It is imperfect competitive market state therefore here there are few no. of sellers.Oligopoly covers many kinds of industrial deportments and structures because of its broad nature. Oligopoly is a market condition where few numbers of sellers (oligopolists) come together and form a market or an industry. An oligopoly may have 2 unwaverings or 20 firms, selling and producing differentiated or undifferentiated products and services. in that location are few participants in this market structure therefore each participant is aware about the activities of sepa measure participants.The decisions are influenced by peerless another. As this market is operated by few firms, the price of the product and the quantity of product is fixed by the firms itself keeping in mind their self-interest and self-respect. Sellers (oligopolists) are acting and cooperating interchangeable a monopolist producing a smooth amount of quantity of goods and selling these goods at a price extravagantlyer than the marginal cost. These are some of the powerful incentives at work which hinder a group of firms from maintaining the monopoly outcome.An oligopo ly is operated nether imperfect competition they follow a kinkeddemand issue which shows that inelasticity below the market price and elasticity above the market price, fling differentiated services and products they have strong barriers to entry. Kinked demand curve is downward sloping curve. There is a discontinuity at the bend the kink. Due to this there is a discontinuity in the marginal revenue curve. The demand above the kink is relatively elastic, therefore all other firms prices remains unchanged and demand curve after the kink the demand depart be inelastic, therefore all the firms will have similar price cut, eventually leading to a price war. The best way to overcome this problem is to produce at the point E that is the equilibrium point and, coincidently the kink point.There are many industries in oligopoly conditions are automobile, cigarette, malt beverages (beer), small arms ammunition, fossil oil and crude, etc. There are many kinds of oligopolies, a number of d ifferent oligopoly models have been structured. But we are going to further discuss about the structure of CARTEL. But before that if u examine all oligopoly models have a similar occasion i.e. The behaviour of any given oligopolistic firm depends on the behaviour of other firms in the industry comprising oligopoly. check to the traditional economic theory the producer who is at the stage of turn a profit maximizing and also has some market power (either due to oligopoly or monopolistic competition) would have set marginal cost capable to marginal revenue i.e. MC=MR.A contract is an organisation of independent firms coming together, to control and limit the production and increase and decrease of price and profit. Cartels locoweed be formed in an informal or formal manner with the agreement of every appendage. Cartels usually occur in an oligopolistic industry. The main aim of cartel is to increase individual profits by bring down competition. There are two kinds of cartels occult cartels and Public cartels. In a public cartel there is involvement of regimen and such cartels are legally formed. Private cartels are formed by few industries and are subject to legal liability under antitrust laws now found in every country of the world.Private cartels have to often face competition laws. Private cartels are recognized and disjointed by the competition policy by most of the countries in the world. But finding out cartels and further proving them is very difficult because firms are not so careless to put such agreements on papers. Antitrust authorities have found that in last 200 geezerhood price increase achieved by cartels is almost 25%. There was a 28% price hike in private outside(a) cartels (cartels formed by one or more(prenominal) lands). Domestic cartels where at 18%, less than 10% domestic cartels failed to raise the market price. This study was possible after several economic studies and legal decisions.There are some differences in public and private cartels. It is said that public cartels are less harmful than private cartels because they are operated in the presence of government private cartels are more effective and, hence, possibly harmful, though there is no proof to prove this right. Government has all the authorities to establish and put through the rules relating to prices, output and other such matters this is in the case of public cartels. Examples of public cartels are export cartels and placeping conferences. There are also depression cartels permitted in some countries this type of cartel abets in stabilising the required price and production. For example, in Japan such type of cartel is allowed in steel, aluminium smelting, ship building and various chemical industries.In United States during the time of great depression of 1930, in industries such as coal mining and oil production public cartels were allowed by United States and they also remained after the World War-II. Germanys economy was also a ffected by these cartels during the interwar finish. There were international cartels formed between governments of some nations by signing an agreement it was called as international commodity agreement which covered products such as coffee, sugar, tin, and oil (OPEC). Private Cartels are having huge different than public cartels, an agreement is signed on terms and conditions that depict mutual advantages, these terms and conditions should not be detected by outside parties. Private cartels are responsible for violating the antitrust Laws.Game theory means studying the oligopolistic behaviour of a series of strategic actions of a firm and reaction of the rival firm. According to this theory cartels are unstable, due to the behaviour of members of a cartel is like the behaviour of a player who has a prevailing system in a game. If a member does not abide by the rules in the agreement that member will make more profit than by following the agreement. The situation would be worse if all the partners break the agreement. Cartels do not sustain for a long run because members have tare incentives.A Cartel behind exist for only 5 to 10 years this was found by deep study of cartel. If the members intend to cheat on the agreement in decree to earn piddling term profit so that they could cover the long term losses this depends on the situation if they have short term profits through break down of cartel than theyll possibly break it down. How difficult it would be for a firm to, find out that other firms are following the agreement or not. If the other firms are not following than they are cheating and therefore the cartel becomes unstable. There are few ways to keep watch on a cartel 1) Number of firms in the industry, 2) Characteristics of the products s sure-enough(a) by the firms, 3) Production cost of each member, 4) behaviour of demand, and 5) frequency of sales and their characteristics.The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was initi ally created with efforts of 5 countries and then later on joined by 9 other countries. It is an intergovernmental geological formation which was formed by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, on September 10 14, 1960, in Baghdad. These five founding members were later on joined by nine other members Qatar (1961), Indonesia (1962-2009), Libya (1962), United Arab Emirate (1967), Algeria (1969), Nigeria (1971), Ecuador (1973), Angola (2007), Gabon (1975-1994). Ecuador suspended its membership from December 1992 October 2007. Initially headquarter of OPEC was in geneva, Switzerland, and after 5 years it was moved to Vienna, Austria, on September 1, 1965.OPEC was found with some accusings. The objective of OPEC is to manage and unify petroleum polices among member countries and thereby secure the stability in the prices for petroleum producers. It was necessary that flowis maintained in come forthing petroleum at an economical rate, to the consuming countries, provided t hat the members investing in this industry get a fair return of capital. They also have a unique strategy that is allotting the production quota to a member country. This system helps in maintaining and stabilizing the price to a certain level. Developing its collective vision with some objectives and creating its secretariat, in Geneva and then in 1965, in Vienna, OPEC adopted a Declaratory Statement of Petroleum Policy in Member countries in 1968. This policy stated that it is overbearing right of the member nations to have a permanent rule over their natural resources and use them in order to increase the rate of national development.During seventies OPEC became an international importance in the world market of petroleum and crude oil, it had a full control over the pricing. During this period there was a in restrained price rise in petroleum products. In 1980s the prices began to fall down as people started shifting from petroleum products. OPECs market mete out throw away heavily to the trio of the early rise. At this time member countries had to bare a heavy loss, but soon they regained their position with a little price hike almost half the early rise. OPEC started recovering its market parcel slowly. During the period of 1990s OPEC had a fall in prices same as it had in 1980s, but it had a solid recovery this time. During this period the prices were stable at some extent than in 1970s and 1980s. One of the member nation left OPEC and one suspended its membership. In 21st century OPEC had an innovative plan which helped in stabilising the prices of petroleum products in early years. The prices began to rise from 2004 and still its rising. During this decade one member activated its membership and another member suspended it.OPEC has not proved to be a successful cartel because it was unable to control the prices of petroleum products. Though OPEC had few members and that helped in reducing the conflicts. It was flaccid for the members to monitor one anothers activities and thereby adhering to the agreement. It was also easy to coordinate the price policy and the output policy according the agreement. It is simpler to form a cartel with few members. OPEC as a cartel is working in effect because 3/4th of its oil reserve is regulated by four countries they are Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Iran. There is only one threat to OPEC as a cartel, and that is increased production bynon-members. In the short run the price elasticity of demand for oil is quite low, according to this statement if abounding production restrictions are implied than it will give a price hike this is a favourable environment for a cartel. Following this in 1973 OPEC contributed to two third of the total oil production of the world. Today if we compare the prices of crude oil than they are much higher than the early stages.To survive for such long period of 50 years OPEC had to face many challenges to fulfil its objective. The front challenge in fro nt of OPEC is how to overcome the problem of provision of crude oil in all the countries keeping in mind the interest of the member countries of OPEC. Initially OPEC used to supply its crude oil to all type of countries like evolution countries, under developed countries and developed countries but later on it was not able to fulfil the demand as it kept on increasing. Therefore, OPEC decided to first fulfil the demand of those countries with greater need and who provided with a fair deal and then look forward to those countries that had less demand for crude oil and offered a cheap deal. This decision was taken keeping in mind its own profit.The second challenge for OPEC is the NON-OPEC countries i.e. countries which are not members of OPEC. If these countries started production at high rate then these countries would take the major market share of OPEC and that was not good for member countries. NON-OPEC countries had no restrictions in production and pricing of crude oil. These NON-OPEC countries would take the short run profits because they can vary their prices. The third problem faced by OPEC is that United Nations (UN) was constantly pressuring OPEC in order to stop the wastage of gas which is emitted in high amount due to the usage of old technology. Technological issue is the fourth challenge for OPEC because they used old technology and to install new one it would take time and the market demand would not be fulfilled. Updating the technology was a big issue.The fifth issue was about maintaining deep reserves of crude oil in order to sustain the sudden shift in demand. The sixth that is the last challenge is in the form of question that how OPEC can overcome the financial problems occurring during the production of oil because producing oil needs heavy capital investment? There is a big risk taking and uncertainties elusive in this process and these uncertainties can be overcome with the help of properplanning. If OPEC is unable to fulfil the chal lenge than there, is a fear of losing the whole market share against the NON-OPEC countries.Analysis of OPECs behaviour can be done through certain aspects. First, relying on a structural model is better than relying on the inclination approach. According to the analysis done in first step, in last 25 years all the theoretical models constructed for OPEC should be taken and then they should be properly tested. After this we compare and contrast it with equilibrium model of dynamic oligopoly. In the second step we consider organization as a whole and not considering the supply functions of individual countries. By doing this we would be able to estimate the collusiveness of OPEC. This helps us in identifying the switching periods between collusive and non-cooperative behaviour. OPEC has its own collusive behaviour and in many cases there was break down and price war between member countries.Price of crude oil depends on the demand and supply of it. There can be different variations maybe low or high, in price of crude oil, due to the imbalance in demand and supply maybe little demand and more supply or more demand and little supply. The price of crude oil will be high if demand is more and supply is less and price will be low if supply is more and demand is less. Sometimes the prices fall down due to the non-cooperative act of members of OPEC or due to going against the agreement and cheating. Sometimes the reason for high price of crude oil may be other factors like taxation, governments of the countries of the world, natural disasters, etc. Factors like transportation, climate, capital, machinery, cost of production, etc. affect the prices of crude oil.As other cartels, OPEC also tries to raise the prices of crude oil by reducing the quantity of production of crude oil. When the price raises each member of cartel wants to increase the production by going against the agreement, so that they can get large amount of profit. OPEC member countries frequently agr ee to the reduction of production but then they cheat on the agreement. During the period of 1973-1985 OPEC was successful in maintaining the high-prices of crude oil, with the help of cooperation ofmember countries. The price of crude oil per barrel rose steeply from $3 per barrel in 1972 to $11 per barrel in 1974 and then to $35 in 1981. After that there was absence in maintaining cooperation between member countries due to the argument on the topic of increasing production. Due to this the prices of barrel fell down by $13 per barrel in 1986. In this case OPEC has failed to work effectively because it was lacking in coordination and cooperation between member countries and this resulted in the dissymmetry of price of crude oil.According to the study there are approximately 1.5 trillion barrels of oil reserve in world. Out of which 81.33% i.e. 1193 billion barrels, is with the member countries of OPEC. In 2010, OPEC member countries produced 29.2 million barrels per day of crude oil that is about 41.8% of the world total output this has increased to 69.7 million barrels per day. According to OPEC they have sufficient crude oil reserves that can last for 112 years. According to OPECs World Energy Model (OWEM) the demand for crude oil in 2006 was 84.7 million barrels per day. Due to the continuous growth in worlds economy the demand for crude oil in 2015 will rise to 96.1 million barrels per day, 102.2 million barrels per day in 2020 and 113.3 million barrels per day in 2030.OPEC as a cartel was defeated to a certain extent and successful to a certain extent. There was high variation observed in prices of crude oil due to the unbalance of the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Lack of cooperation and coordination amongst the members of OPEC was seen because each individual member was tempted to earn high amount of profits and therefore he/she would cheat with the agreement. There was one thing observed that, when the price of crude oil ris e than the members of OPEC intend to go against the agreement and they try to increase their production in order to earn short-run high profits. During any crisis in the world OPEC was not able to keep itself steady. There were some technological related issues with the members of OPEC. They used the old machinery to produce the crude oil and to overcome that they started updating their machineries, but during this period they were unable to handle the market demand for crude oil and therefore they failed to provide it to othercountries which resulted in price hike. If innovation is carried out properly than the cost of production will reduce to certain point and this will react in high rise in demand in international market, which will directly affect the profits of members of OPEC.In conclusion I would like to say that OPEC is a best form of oligopoly and both suit to each other because of the continuous development of OPEC as a cartel. In past 50 years OPEC has faced many heavy t asks it failed to fulfil some tasks but still tried to recover the losses. OPEC has the largest oil reserve in the world. Amongst the NON-OPEC countries main competitor of OPEC is U.S.A because it has one of the largest reserves of crude oil. If we see in todays market than OPEC as a cartel has a higher market share and it is the endless and largest living oil producing organization. OPEC is one of the longest survived cartels in the world.REFRENCE1) http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartel2) http//www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/24.htm3) http//www.scribd.com/doc/55875469/Oligopoly-OPEC4) http//www.opec.org/opec_web/en/press_room/179.htm5) Principles of Microeconomics (Indian edition) 4th edition, by N. Gregory Mankiw, published by Cengage learning India Pvt. Ltd., 356-3576) Principles of economic science 8th edition, by Karl E. Case and Ray C. Fair, published by Dorling Kindersley India Pvt. Ltd., 310-311

Proposal

Design requirements of an efficient solar thermal collector Incorporated Into excellent hot water dodges Detailed analysis of the irradiative and convective change transfers Introduction With the change magnitude problems associated with the fossil fuel tie in pushing production, exploration and efficient utilization of renewable energy Is the key to have a sustainable energy future.Solar energy Is the main source of a clean and renewable energy, and collecting solar power as thermal energy Is becoming progressively important especi tout ensembley at this time when there is increasing emphasis on enable energy and the cost of conventional power propagation is increasing. Currently, solar thermal panels are becoming more and more popular because they can be placed on galore(postnominal) buildings and common places, collecting and converting solar energy Into thermal energy, and supplying thermal energy through hot water establishments.However, how to make solar energy collect ion and utilization more efficient is simmer down a major problem. Literature Review The solar thermal collector is the device that absorbs the incoming solar radiation, inverts it Into heat, and transfers this heat into fluid flowing through the collector. Thus, solar thermal collectors are special kind of heat exchangers that transform solar radiation energy to Internal energy of the transport medium. In recent years, many researches have been ciphered to investigate and enhance the thermal efficiency of different kind of solar thermal collectors.Fernando-Garcia et al. Reviewed the parabolic-trough collectors and their Incorporation Into practical applications such as electricity generation and domestic hot water and space heating. Doughier et al. 2 researched the mathematical operation optimization of a solar water heater flat plate collector. Giuliani et al. Optimized solar water heating system through water replenishment. In addition, Caner et al. 4 used artificial neural n etwork as a new manner to conduct the thermal effect analysis so as to obtain a more accurate result.N whiztheless, many questions remain unanswered. For example, incorporate an efficient solar thermal collector into alive hot water systems? What analyses should we do in order to design an efficient solar thermal collector? What approaches may we use for such analyses? Proposed Research The computational Fluid Dynamics ( misfortune) has been applied to many practical engineering problems including CUFF modeling to analyses energy efficiency involving heat transfer, convection, thermal radiation and energy repositing.CUFF related research projects being conducted by Hes group across a broad selection of topics. For example, they reported that in the air conditioning industry chilled water storage systems are one form of cool thermal storage technology that can be used to time haft the electrical load of the system from the peak day periods to off peak night time periods5. Therefo re, CUFF simulation and modeling should significantly help us finding answers to the above questions and impart to the improvement of the efficiency of solar energy collection, storage and utilization.As a senior student majoring in Thermal Energy and Power Engineering, I have a solid knowledge background on Heat Transfer, Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, and CUFF. I have likewise had genuine world internships such that during my internship at XX, I acquired an list of knowledge on the research of the solar water heater in buildings. In addition, the project XX that I am currently doing enables me to use CUFF well, and helps me understand the overall concept and treat of how to conduct a research. Furthermore, I have communicated with XX, and has agreed to help me and guide me in my research project.The main munimentary of this proposed research is to evaluate the design requirements of an efficient solar thermal collector supported by detailed analysis of the irradiative and convective heat transfers. Detailed analyses of the irradiative and convective heat transfers entrust be conducted, and the design requirements of an efficient solar thermal collector go forth be evaluated. With the results obtained through detailed analyses and evaluations, the research will aim to design, construct and try the requirements of efficient solar thermal collectors that are incorporated into existing hot water systems.ProposalHotel International and the Roaring Dragon Hotel alma Student Sullivan university MGM 510 Executive outline This proposal provides a roadman toward Improving communications between the Hotel International (HI), a global hotelier, and the management control of the Roaring Dragon Hotel (3RD), one of the authorized three-star hotels in southwest China and a state owned enterprise (Grainier, 2008).Failure to recognize cultural norms and the relationship between employees, customers, and contractors will result in hammy failure of modernization and an effective business plan (Grainier, 2008). Introduction Management Control Takeover The management control takeover of the Roaring Dragon Hotel (3RD). unity of the original three-star hotels in southwest China had a direct impact on the hotels employees, its popularity among current customers, and generating profit. 3RD is a state owned enterprise laid in southwest China by Hotel International (HI), a global hotelier (Grainier, 2008).McNally (2011) observed, Over the past thirty years China has witnessed a deliberate intonation towards a capitalist political economy with an emphasis on capital accumulation, market competition, and International economic Integration (p. 1). Background Deployment of corporate governance and Global Marketing The provincial government was concerned that the hotel would not meet their potential and needed modernization. The current general manager, Titan Went, focused more on the security of its employees and not the hotels profit margin.The s tate negotiated new management hoping to drive increased revenue (Grainier, 2008). Currently, the 3RD had a great reputation. Since the early sass it had enjoyed a long, colorful history and reputation as the regions premium guesthouse (Grainier, p. 1). Problem Organizational culture There was a deep division separating the organization cultures of RED and HI. The HI business strategy and environment went against the current guan-based or Influence-based organizational culture. Guan Is the Chinese word describing Chinese business.The culture at 3RD promoted social business relations, imbibing and eating etiquette, exchanging gifts and donations for favors. RED employees have a strong psychological need associated with receiving and giving perks that is tied their self-identification. These interpersonal relationships with each other and customers are relatable to both partnerships and friendships (Yuan & Allele, 2007). In addition, 3RD employees were excited to work for the hotel b ecause it showed they had procured status based on the strength of their social connections.3RD was not as worried about the hotels decline in popularity, revenue, or in delivering quality service standards. 3RD similarly had a long nepotistic history tied to the Guiana culture (Grainier, 2008). HI considered the networks of influence irrelevant and changed non-productive behaviors. New performance standards were enacted and employees unwilling to meet these new standards were fired. HI also began processing scheduled redundancy program. Once a place considered as secure employment, became uncertain and untrustworthy.This caused a deep division separating organizational cultures between RED and HI (Grainier, 2008). Another concern was the lose of important contracts. Nu If Travel was unsatisfied with the new pricing structures and canceled all future tours. This caused a reduction in revenue and also made competition look more favorable for unhappy employees. The conditions at 3RD proceed to deteriorated with the loss of industry contacts and Guiana connections (Grainier, 2008).Opportunities Satisfied Employees & Success HI has the business strategy to promote efficiency in the hotels domestic management style and processes, thereby increasing income and popularity if they recognize the risk of alienating the current organizational culture. A healthy balance should be addressing all the concerns from both parties (Grainier, 2008). Robertson wrote, people form personal intentions to achieve a variety of desired outcomes, and are satisfied with their Job to the extent that they perceive these goals will be successfully attained (2009).By improving communications, HI has the prospect to promote efficiency and improve processes at 3RD with the help of the employees. Recommendation Open Communications HI should go forth special consideration to address changes in culture and conditions within 3RD with open communications between HI management, 3RD employees, c ontractors, and the public (Grainier, 2008). Addressing concerns and anticipating current customers needs and expectations will help the gradual transition towards a capitalist political economy with an emphasis on capital accumulation, market competition, and international economic integration (McNally, p. ). Communicate hanged, train new employees, claim contractors, and especially listen to your customers and the public (Grainier, 2008). Want, D (1999) asserted, Guiana practices have played an important role in Chinas capitalist transition, making them an indispensable element of any conceptualization of Chinese capitalism (as cited in McNally, p. 7). Friendship, trust, honesty, influences offer a more direct and open communication style. By nurturing relationships already established and identifying critical industry contacts, HI can positively establish themselves in the China market (McNally, 2011) (Grainier, 2008).ProposalThey published their products in faceable and custom er can order through sending inwardness or phonically or else vaults the store. Is tussle for the customer to go their store especially if their house Is far from the store. It is not convenient to the customer to talk in think to ask about the products and also it makes hassle to the owner to explain the product one by one. Imagine how many customer will call in one day to ask about the product so its really makes hassle. The company need computerizing system in order to manage their time and also customer can read/view the product so they dont need to make a call to ask the owner to explain the product one by one.It also a big benefits to the store to Increase he sales. Through Online Ordering System it can minimize the time for the customer and the owner. let organized and meet the needs of customers more efficiency and reliable. Customer can order anytime they want. Statement of the Problem The problem was lacking of online website system. The Barbara Pearl has no specialise d software that help customer In ordering through online _ The Barbara Pearl manage their business manually especially in taking customers order. More hassle to the customer to order especially if they are far from the store.Objectives of the Study To Increase speed of service, sales volume and customers satisfaction To enable customers to know the all dish antenna products of Barbara Pearl before ordering To increase level of accuracy To be able to stand out from competitors by automating daily operations which will give the beauty product providers the opportunity to increase sales To reduce time wasting by eliminating long queues To develop orders for faster and reliable transaction and process Significance of the Study This project is designed to provide an easy access of customers in getting their orders.The researchers will create an online Ordering system for Barbara Pearl Cosmetics that will help the company to increase more customers and make the procedure of ordering much easier. Scope and limitation of the Study Cosmetics since they are still using a manual system in their transactions, payments and even in generating reports. As for the Members, the system will provide an area wherein they can view and manage their orders. They can also request for tracking status provided that they purchased an item. Unlike the members, the guest can only browse the website but no transactions can be held unless they would register.ProposalThis document is a proposal for the Online Notice Board System as a major project for my partial fulfillment of the course of Bachelors in Information Technology. The system will be a client-server model and also web-based to facilitate easy access to all clients regard less of where they are and also of the machines they are using. I will also try to integrate the system from the computer desktop program into a mobile application app such as Android and Windows mobile.A motherboard is a wooden or even metal boards where people can leave public assuages, e. G advertise things to buy or sell, events or even memos. My aim in this project is to ease and make data dissemination much easier in a paperless institution such as Await Tablet University College. I intend to focus on Await Tablet University College whereby the software will major be used for Administration purposes. It is intended to support the existing method by which notices and memos are posted in the University environment. Many University and institutions, particularly coordinated universal time rely on the wooden motherboard hanging on a wall to present announcement, I. At the library, outside each hostel, at the department offices and also at the administration offices. Many students and staffs face the following problems 1 . Struggle to check a sing notice board e. G Exam results 2. Destroyed memos and lot of information lost leaving many students uninformed 3. Unregulated display of information (any person can develop a memo and display on the notice board) This project looks at the above problems and try to come up with a solution.Develop a software with a client and server side so as to develop the digital notice board DON) program that will be installed in various computers that a re connected within the Local Area Network of the university compound so as to help spread the information displayed in the notice board faster. 1 . Check the current form of displaying information 2. Develop the Online Notice Board for UTC 3. Test the program with real data. Has UTC implemented the system in its environment? Will UTC adopt the system being developed? How the system will be implemented. Feedback from students and staffs of UTC

Licensed Casino Gambling Essay

Individual effects Is gambling widely distributedly harmful to the individual gambler? Yes * play is irrational and reckless and should, on that pointfore, be regulated by the government. There may be the possibility of winning a big prize, but the overwhelming likelihood is that a gambler will lose money. This is ensured by the fact that Casinos atomic number 18 profit-minded organizations, and calculate their odds so that they will always make a profit. Be arrive gamblers atomic number 18 always likely to lose and make as a result, the activity can be seen in many ways as an irrational engagement.manoeuvre attracts plenty with little money who are desperate for a windfall. These are the muckle who can least afford to lose money. They should be protected from the temptation to gamble. NoContention that the general individual losses from gambling are reasonableified by it being a fun and leisurely activity worth paying for Gamblers shaft that, overall, they are likely to l ose money. They gamble because it is a leisure pursuit that they enjoy.There is nothing irrational about this. Some commonwealth consider an enjoyable bursting charge from the remote possibility that they might win a huge prize even if they lose, they enjoy the experience. Some forms of gambling are highly sociable. For example, many people go to bingo halls to spend time with friends. Society accepts people spending (wasting?) money on other leisure pursuits with no material benefits (e.g. plastic film tickets, watching sport) gambling should not be any different. It is patronizing to suggest that people, including those on low incomes, should not be able to choose how they spend their money. * mental benefits of gambling Some argue that gambling offers psychological benefits. The psychological benefits may include 1. A feeling of say-so (which some describe as God-like). 2. office that extends from feelings of executive control in decision-making. 3. Benefits in the abili ty to psycho-analyze other peoples thoughts, and placing moneyed interests and incentives behind the results of such psycho-analysis.1 4. Total engagement and roseola experience. It provides the gambler with peak experience, that godlike feeling when all of ones physical and emotional senses are go.2 5. The release from daily tension.6. Feelings of exercising the adventurer within us that leave of ourselves which lusts for change, the wooing of the unknown, change, danger, all that is newIt is part of what makes us human.3 7. Feelings of engaging in a ubiquitous, historical human tradition. 8. Emotions of non-conformity and freedom. angiotensin converting enzyme source quoted a gambler who said, all told day long you do what them dumb bastard supervisors tell you. Dont make no difference whether it makes sense or not. Sometimes you fairish gotta get out of line.4 * Gambling increases individual efficiency Studies show that, contrary to popular belief, gambling is by and large well(p) to the gambler and increases rather than decreases his efficiency. It is beneficial in that it stimulates, offers hope, allows decision making, and, in many cases, Crime effects Does gambling cause an increase in variant kinds of related criminal activities? EditYes * Casinos are frequently associated with criminal activity. Drug dealers and prostitutes operate near casinos they know that there are a large number of potential clients in the area.Casinos can therefore be devastating to neighborhoods. EditNo * People committing crimes should be prosecuted. The existence of criminals does not make nearby businesses (including casinos) immoral. It is perverse to punish people who just want to gamble (and not pay off drugs or use prostitutes) by taking away their chance to do so. Bad industry? Are casinos an industry with bad merit? Is nothing of esteem produced by casinos? Yes * Casinos dont produce any product Many contend that gambling is inappropriate because it does no t generate any tangible product. One commentators says that gambling is an ethereal substancea biological substancethat produces highsgenerated normally by anticipation.5 No * Contention that casinos are involved in the entertainment business, and withdraw not produce a tangible product Gambling is a form of entertainment that is similar to many other forms of entertainment the objective is entirely to foster a desired emotional response from the audience. Movies, theater, fair-grounds, concerts, sporting-events, and casinos are all similar in that their primary function is to foster an environment of entertainment.That is their product, which contend not be physical in order to be viewed as valuable. Addiction Is gambling commonly habit-forming, and would this be a reason for regulating it? Yes * Gambling is addictive. Many people end up gambling to try to recover money they have already lost. This is known as chasing losses. It results in people staking more and more money, mos t of which they will lose. Gambling addicts often turn to crime to feed their addiction. Addiction is highly damaging to families, since gamblers will spend any(prenominal) money they can on gambling. People slit to gamble without thinking that they will become addicted. Once they become addicted, it is too late. As with drugs, it is better to banish gambling to stop people getting started in the first place. * Analogy that gambling truly is like a drug, and should be treated as a controlled substance * It is drug-like in the way that it dramatically utilizes human chemicals William M. Thompson, Gambling A Controlled Substance, phosphate buffer solution Interview, 1994 Is the comparison of drugs and gambling unfair? Consider the words of doubting Thomas R. OBrien, formerly Director of Gaming Enforcement for the severalize of New Jersey. In 1984 he told a conference on gambling that the success of Atlantic metropolis was tied to how well it sold its only products.He then said Tha t product is not entertainment or recreation or leisure. Its in truth adrenaline a biological substance capable of producing excitementhighs and generated usually by anticipation or expectation of a future event, especially when the force of that event is in doubt. According to chief regulator of the industry, gambling was not only a drug, but a mind-altering drug. * The addictive and destructive constitution of gambling is withal drug-likeWilliam M. Thompson, Gambling A Controlled Substance, PBS Interview, 1994 Where governments do not prohibit, the majority can exercise self-control. Seventy-five percent gamble responsibly. They come it an entertaining diversion. But another 20 percent overindulge. They incur debts that impair abilities to support their families, unless they stop.Usually they can. Four percent cannot stop without intervention of others. Then there are the one-half to one percent (and these are conservative estimates) who fall into destructive behaviors when exposed to gambling. Families are destroyed, friendships broken, employment disrupted. Cycles of deception and crime lead to ruin livesand in many cases, suicide. No * Contention that gambling is not physically addictive Unlike drugs, gambling is not physically addictive. It is only psychologically addictive in some people. Only a small percentage of gamblers have an addiction. Many more get enjoyment from gambling without problems why should these people suffer because a few others get addicted? The risks of gambling addiction are well known. People can make a conscious choice to start gambling, and are aware of the risks of addiction. Treatment programmes can address the problems of those who are addicted. Economic harm? Do casinos casinos cause economic harm or provide very(prenominal) few economic benefits? Yes * The long-term economic nixs outweigh the short-term economic gains John Warren Kind, The Business-Economic Impacts of Licensed Casino Gambling in West Virginia sho rt-run Gain but Long-Term hurt, PBS, 1994 While the dollars invested in various legalised gambling projects and the jobs initially created are evident, the industry has been criticized for inflating the positive economic impacts and trivializing or ignoring the negative impacts (Goodman 1994).The industrys tendency to focus on specialized factors provides a distorted view of the localized economic positives, while ignoring the strategic business-economic costs to the cite as a whole (such as West Virginia) and to different regions of the United States (California Governors Office 1992, Kindt 1995). In 1994, all of the various experts who testified before the U.S. reside of Representatives Committee on Small Business criticized the impacts that casino-style gambling activities inflict upon the criminal justice system, the social welfare, system, small businesses, and the economy (Congressional Hearing 1994). Utilizing legalized gambling activities as a strategy for economic deve lopment was thoroughly discredited during the hearing. * The actual economic benefits of casinos are exaggerated. They generally only create low-paid jobs for local people the casino companies usually bring in managers from elsewhere. * There are too many economic externalities surrounding gambling, which nullify the benefits * Crime * Risky behavior Compulsive gambling may foster poor, sometimes risky money-management habits. These habits may transfer over to other areas of the economy, where risky behaviors translate into a higher likelihood of loss in various markets.* Time consumption Compulsive gambling often entails significant time consumption, which detracts from more productive ends. * Jobs could be created through many other industries that cause few moral and practical problems (e.g. theme parks). * Any economic benefits would not matter, if the industry is deemed immoral * Estimated losses from compulsive gambling William M. Thompson, Gambling A Controlled Substance, PBS Interview, 1994 Conservative numbers suggest it costs society $13,000 per year for each compulsive gambler. The losses include treatment costs, lost productivity, criminal activity and legal costs. Estimating that widespread gambling across America would create one million compulsive gamblers, the resulting annual economic loss would exceed $13 billion. No * Casinos cause money to be spent on transport infrastructure, which is very beneficial to economies * Casinos help the tourism industry of a place The jobs are not just in the casino itself. More jobs are created in hotels and other parts of the tourism industry. * Examples in which casinos have helped to regenerate many places that previously had considerable meagreness and social problems * Atlantic City. * New Jersey.* Legalized gambling on reservations is very important to Native American tribes Anthony Pico, Chairman of the Viejas Indians, explains the benefits to his tribe of legalized gambling on his tribes reserva tion in a PBS interview.6 Social welfare effects Are the charitable generations from gambling substantial, and can this go toward justifying their existence? Yes * It is immoral for the state or charities to raise money by exploiting peoples stupidity and greed. * Gambling is regressive (this means that the poor pay a greater harmonise of their income in tax than the rich). This is because poor people are more likely to gamble. Regressive taxation is deeply unfair. * Legalized gambling activities act as a regressive tax on the poor (Clotfelter and skirt 1989).Specifically, the legalization of various forms of gambling activities makes poor people poorer and can dramatically intensify many pre-existing social-welfare problems. demographic analyses reveal that certain disadvantaged socioeconomic groups tend to gamble proportionately greater amounts of their overall income and marketing efforts, particularly by state lotteries, have allegedly been directed at these target groups. Jo hn Warren Kind, The Business-Economic Impacts of Licensed Casino Gambling in West Virginia Short-Term Gain but Long-Term Pain, PBS, 1994 * Contention that education is harmed by gambling practices Kind, PBS, 1994 Legalized gambling activities also negatively affect education both philosophically and fiscally (Better Government Association 1992 Clotfelter and Cook 1989).Adherence to a philosophy of making a living via gambling activities not only abrogates the perceived need for an education, but also reinforces economically unfertile activities (and is statistically impossible since the house always wins eventually). In states with legalized gambling activities which were initiated allegedly to bolster tax revenues to education, the funding in real dollars has almost uniformly decreased. No * Gambling is often used to raise money for the state or good causes. Charities use prize draws to raise funds Should online gambling be ban?Yes * Internet gambling is especially dangerous. So meone can become addicted very easily they dont even need to leave their home. This also means that they are gambling in private. They may therefore be less reluctant to wager very large sums they cannot afford. It is very hard to know the identity of an online gambler there have been several cases of people (including children) using stolen credit cards to gamble online. Online gambling may be hard to control but that is not a reason to try making an activity more difficult to pursue will still reduce the number of those who follow it up.It is not impossible to put effective deterrent steps in place, such as the recent US ban on American banks treat credit card payments to internet . No * It is impossible to stop online gambling. When it has been banned, people have just used sites based in other countries. It is better to legalize and regulate online gambling than to drive gamblers to poorly-regulated foreign operators. Regulation can reduce the problems identified by the pro position. For example, online gamblers can be required to give personal dilate when registering (e.g. occupation, income). If this information suggests they are spending more than they can afford, the company can block their credit card. In any case, most online gamblers do not get addicted. Why should they be denied an activity that they enjoy?